despite の後ろは名詞、although の後ろは文Despite Takes a Noun, Although Takes a Clause
接続詞 / Conjunctions
despite と although は訳すとどちらも「〜にもかかわらず」ですが、差し込み口が違います。despite の後ろは名詞、although の後ろは文。Despite the rain(名詞)/ Although it rained(文)。そして despite に of は付きません。of が付くのは in spite of のほうだけです。
Despite and although land in the same place in translation, but they take different sockets. Despite wants a noun; although wants a full clause. "Despite the rain" and "although it rained" both work, in their own shapes. And despite never takes of — that of belongs to in spite of.
文を名詞に縮めれば、despite が使える
Shrink the Clause and Despite Fits
この2語の間を行き来するコツは、文を名詞に縮めることです。it rained → the rain、the train was delayed → the train delay、he was young → his age。名詞に縮めれば despite が差さります。縮めるのが難しければ although のままで構いません。無理に despite にする理由はありません。
The trick for moving between these two is shrinking a clause into a noun. "It rained" becomes "the rain." "The train was delayed" becomes "the train delay." "He was young" becomes "his age." Once you have a noun, despite fits. If the clause won't shrink cleanly, just keep although. There's no prize for forcing despite in.
同じ内容を、形を変えてSame idea, two shapes
Although theなぜ the なのか【決まった場所・乗り物】the station / the bus のように、話し手と聞き手の生活で「あの一つ」に決まる施設や便を指す。 train wasこの文の組み立て【受動】be ＋ 過去分詞で受動。「誰がしたか」を言わずに済ませるための形でもあり、英語では日本語の「〜される」よりずっと広く使う。delayed, she arrived on time.
電車が遅れたのに、彼女は時間どおりに着いた。
後ろは the train was delayed という文。A full clause follows: "the train was delayed."
Despite theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「（例の）」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 delay, she arrived on time.
遅れにもかかわらず、彼女は時間どおりに着いた。
文を the delay という名詞に縮めた形。The clause has shrunk to the noun "the delay."
Despite being tired, I kept working.
疲れていたが、作業を続けた。
動名詞なら despite に差さる。疲れているのは I。An -ing form fits the socket too. The tired one is I, the sentence subject.
despite / in spite of(名詞用)
後ろは名詞か動名詞。文は置けない。A noun or an -ing form goes here. A clause does not.
He passed despite his lack of preparation.
準備不足にもかかわらず、彼は合格した。
although / though / even though(文用)
後ろは主語と動詞のそろった文。A subject and a verb are required behind it.
He passed although he had barely prepared.
ほとんど準備していなかったのに、彼は合格した。
よくある間違い / Common Mistake
×Despite of the rain, the match went ahead.
雨にもかかわらず、試合は行われた。(のつもりで)
○Despite the rain, the match went ahead.
雨にもかかわらず、試合は行われた。
despite に of は付きません。in spite of と混ざって生まれる誤りで、学習者にいちばん多い型です。覚え方は単純で、of が入るのは in spite of だけ、despite は1語で完結。意味と硬さはほぼ同じなので、どちらを使っても構いません。書き言葉では短い despite が選ばれやすく、話し言葉では in spite of もよく聞きます。
Despite has no of. The error comes from crossing it with in spite of, and it's one of the most common slips learners make. The rule is short: only in spite of carries the of, while despite stands alone. The two mean the same thing at about the same level of formality, so either is fine. Writing tends to pick the shorter despite; speech is happy with in spite of.
despite the fact that ...〜という事実にもかかわらずdespite で文を受けたいときの逃げ道。長いので多用しない。The escape hatch when you want a clause after despite. Heavy, so use it sparingly.
in spite of everything何もかもあったのに／それでもなおeverything という名詞を受ける定型。会話で頻出。A set phrase built on the noun everything. Common in speech.
despite my best efforts精一杯やったのだがefforts という名詞に縮めた型。報告やメールの定番。The clause shrunk to the noun efforts. A staple of reports and email.
regardless of ...〜に関係なく同じく名詞用のプラグ。「あってもなくても」の含みが強い。Another noun socket, leaning on the sense of it not mattering either way.
まとめ / Summary
despite の後ろは名詞か動名詞、although の後ろは文。Despite takes a noun or an -ing form; although takes a clause.
despite に of は付かない。of が付くのは in spite of だけ。Despite has no of. Only in spite of carries one.
文を名詞に縮めれば despite に差さる。Shrink the clause to a noun and despite fits.
動名詞で受けるときは主語を文の主語とそろえる。With an -ing form, keep its subject the same as the sentence's subject.