used to と would(昔の習慣) Used To and Would: Old Habits
時制・相 Tense & Aspect
「昔は〜だった/よく〜したものだ」は used to が万能です。would も「よく〜したものだ」を表せますが、行動だけ。「住んでいた」「好きだった」のような状態には使えません。迷ったら used to。
For "back then, I used to …" — used to covers everything. Would can also paint repeated past actions, but actions only: it refuses states like living somewhere or liking something. When in doubt, used to.
used to は万能、would は行動専用
Used To Does It All; Would Does Actions Only
I used to live in Osaka.(住んでいた=状態)も、I used to run every morning.(走っていた=習慣)も OK。would は後者だけです。しかも would は「あの頃は…」という場面設定があって初めて自然になる、思い出語りの道具。used to で場面を開いてから、would を重ねるのが定番の流れです。
I used to live in Osaka (a state) and I used to run every morning (a habit) — both fine. Would only handles the second kind. And would wants a scene: it sounds natural once the reminiscing has begun, not cold. The classic move is to open with used to, then let would carry the memories.
今は違う、が標準装備 "Not anymore" comes built in
I used to play the piano.
昔はピアノを弾いていた(今は弾いていない)。
「今は違う」の含みが自動で付く。 The now-I-don't is part of the package.
Every summer, we would swim in the river.
毎年夏になると、川で泳いだものだった。
場面が開いた後の would。思い出の反復行動。 Would inside an opened scene — repeated actions, remembered.
used to
状態も習慣もOK。「今は違う」を含む。 States and habits alike — with now-it's-different built in.
There used to be a bookstore here.
ここには昔、本屋があった。
would
思い出の中の反復行動だけ。状態は不可。 Repeated past actions in a remembered scene. Never states.
My grandfather would tell us stories at night.
祖父は夜、よく話を聞かせてくれたものだった。
よくある間違い Common Mistake
I would live near the sea when I was a child.
子どもの頃、海の近くに住んでいた。(のつもりで)
I used to live near the sea when I was a child.
子どもの頃、海の近くに住んでいた。
live は状態の動詞です。would が再生できるのは「そのたびに起きる行動」だけ。状態の過去は used to(または単純過去)で言います。
Living somewhere is a state, and would only replays actions — things that happened each time. For past states, it's used to (or just the simple past).
- used to be 昔は〜だった 状態の過去の万能形。There used to be …(昔は〜があった)まで込みで覚える。 The all-purpose past state — including There used to be … for things now gone.
- would always ... 決まって〜したものだ always が「そのたびに」を強めて、思い出の反復にぴったり合う。 Always sharpens the every-time rhythm of remembered habits.
- be used to -ing 〜に慣れている そっくりだが別物。この used は「慣れ」で、to の後ろは -ing。I'm used to getting up early.(早起きには慣れている)。 A lookalike with a different job: this one means accustomed, and takes -ing — I'm used to getting up early.
- get used to 〜に慣れる 「慣れている状態」へ入っていく変化形。 The process of arriving at that accustomed state.
まとめ Summary
- 昔の話は used to が万能。状態も習慣もOK。 Used to covers old states and habits alike.
- would は思い出の反復行動だけ。状態には使えない。 Would replays remembered actions — never states.
- used to で場面を開き、would で続けるのが語りの型。 Open with used to; let would carry the scene.
- be / get used to -ing(慣れ)は別物。混ぜない。 Be/get used to -ing means accustomed — a different tool entirely.