make・let・have(to なしの使役)Make, Let, Have: The Bare-Infinitive Bosses
不定詞・動名詞 / Infinitives & Gerunds
「人に〜させる」の3動詞は、to なしの原形と組みます: make me laugh(笑わせる)、let me go(行かせて)、have him call me(彼に電話させる)。強制の make、許可の let、手配の have——力の掛かり方が三者三様です。get だけは to が付く(get him to call)ので要注意。
The three "have someone do" verbs take the bare infinitive (no to): make me laugh, let me go, have him call me. Make compels, let permits, have arranges — three different kinds of leverage. The outlier is get, which keeps its to: get him to call.
力の掛かり方が3種類
Three Kinds of Leverage
make は相手の意思に関係なく「させる」強制・誘発(The movie made me cry. =映画に泣かされた)。let は止めない「させてあげる」許可(Let me try. =やらせて)。have は立場・仕事の流れで「してもらう」手配(I'll have the staff bring it. =係の者に持たせます)。to が要らないのは、力が直接掛かって行為が即座に起きる感覚だから——矢印(距離)を挟む余地がない、と考えると理屈がつながります。
Make forces or triggers, will or no will: The movie made me cry. Let permits by not blocking: Let me try. Have arranges through role or workflow: I'll have the staff bring it. Why no to? The force lands directly and the act follows at once — no room for an arrow's distance in between. The category's logic holds even here.
強制・許可・手配Compel, permit, arrange
That song always makes me smile.
あの曲を聴くといつも笑顔になる。
誘発の make。モノ主語が得意。Triggering make — great with thing subjects.
My parents let me stay out late on weekends.
うちの親は週末なら夜遊びを許してくれる。
許可の let。Permitting let.
I'll have my assistant send you theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「（例の）」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 file.
アシスタントにファイルを送らせます。
業務の手配の have。ビジネスの定番。Arranging have — the business staple.
make / let / have + 原形
直接の力。to なし。Direct leverage — no to.
Don't make me say it twice.
二度も言わせないで。
get + 人 + to do
説得・工夫して「させる」。間接的だから矢印の to が残る。Coaxing someone into it — indirect, so the arrow to survives.
I finally got him to apologize.
ようやく彼に謝らせた(謝るよう説得できた)。
よくある間違い / Common Mistake
×The teacher made us to clean the classroom.
先生は私たちに教室を掃除させた。(のつもりで)
○The teacher made us clean the classroom.
先生は私たちに教室を掃除させた。
make の後ろは to なしの原形です。ただし受動態になると to が復活します: We were made to clean the classroom.(掃除させられた)。「能動は to なし、受動は to あり」——このペアで覚えるのが確実です。
After make comes the bare form — no to. But flip to the passive and the to resurrects: We were made to clean the classroom. Learn them as a pair: active bare, passive to.
Let me know.知らせてね。「私に知る許可を」=連絡待ちの定番。メール結びの常連。"Permit me to know" — the standard keep-me-posted, an email regular.
make sure確実に〜する・確認するmake +形容詞の派生形。Make sure the door is locked.(戸締まり確認してね)Make + adjective, spun off: Make sure the door is locked.
have my hair cut髪を切ってもらうhave +モノ+過去分詞=「〜してもらう」。使役 have の姉妹形。Have + thing + past participle — the service-received sister pattern.
You made my day.おかげで最高の一日になった。make の誘発力が生んだ感謝の決まり文句。Triggering make, distilled into gratitude.
まとめ / Summary
make(強制・誘発)・let(許可)・have(手配)+人+原形。Make compels, let permits, have arranges — all + bare form.
get だけは to が残る(get him to call)。Get keeps its to: get him to call.
受動態では to が復活(be made to do)。The passive resurrects the to: be made to do.
Let me know / Let me check を会話の持ち歌に。Own Let me know and Let me check.