is being built と has been done(受動態の進行・完了)Is Being Built, Has Been Done: Passive Meets Tense
受動態 / The Passive
受動態は時制と自由に組み合わせられます。工事中なら進行形+受動: The bridge is being built.(橋は建設中だ)。もう済んだ影響が今に及ぶなら完了形+受動: The meeting has been canceled.(会議は中止になった)。部品の順番は「時制の装備が先、be +過去分詞が後」——組み立てだけ覚えれば全時制に広がります。
The passive combines freely with tense. Mid-construction takes progressive + passive: The bridge is being built. A done deal that still matters takes perfect + passive: The meeting has been canceled. Assembly order: tense gear first, then be + past participle. Learn the build once and every tense opens up.
時制の装備+ be +過去分詞
Tense Gear, Then Be + Past Participle
受動態の芯は be +過去分詞。そこに時制の装備を重ねます。進行形なら being を差し込んで is being built(今まさに建てられている)。完了形なら have/has の後に been を置いて has been built(建て終わっていて今に効く)。見慣れない語列(being built / been built)も、「進行の -ing が be に付いた形」「完了の -en が be に付いた形」と分解すれば、ただの部品の重ね着です。
The passive's core is be + past participle; tense gear stacks on top. Progressive slides in being: is being built (under construction right now). Perfect places been after have/has: has been built (finished, and still relevant). The odd-looking strings (being built, been built) are just be wearing the -ing or -en of its tense — layered parts, nothing more.
重ね着の実例The layers in action
Theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「(例の)」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 road isこの文の組み立て【進行の受動】受動と進行が重なった形。「いま〜されている最中」。 being repaired, so take theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「(例の)」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 detour.
道路が補修中だから、迂回してね。
進行+受動=今まさに作業中。Progressive + passive: work in progress.
Your order hasこの文の組み立て【完了の受動】完了と受動が重なった形。3つの語が離れて並ぶので、どれを辞書で引いても構文にたどり着けない。 been shipped.
ご注文の品は発送済みです。
完了+受動=済んだ事実が今に効く。通販メールの定番。Perfect + passive — the e-commerce classic.
Theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「(例の)」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 documents wereこの文の組み立て【進行の受動】受動と進行が重なった形。「いま〜されている最中」。 being checked when I arrived.
私が着いたとき、書類はチェックの最中だった。
過去進行+受動もそのまま組める。Past progressive + passive assembles the same way.
is being built(進行+受動)
今まさに進行中。現場の湯気が見える。Happening right now — you can see the dust.
A new station is being built near my house.
家の近くに新しい駅が建設中だ。
has been built(完了+受動)
完成済みで、その結果が今ある。Finished — and the result stands today.
A new station has been built near my house.
家の近くに新しい駅ができた。
よくある間違い / Common Mistake
×The new library is building now.
新しい図書館は今建設中だ。(のつもりで)
○The new library is being built now.
新しい図書館は今建設中だ。
is building だと「図書館が(何かを)建てている」という能動の進行形になってしまいます。図書館は建てられる側なので、being を差し込んで受動の進行形に。「主語はする側? される側?」の確認が、この形の組み立てスイッチです。
Is building casts the library as the builder — an active progressive. The library is on the receiving end, so slide in being for the passive progressive. The assembly switch is the same old question: is the subject doing, or done-to?
has been shipped / has been sent発送済み/送信済み通知メールの定番。完了+受動が「済」スタンプの働きをする。Notification email grammar — perfect passive as the done stamp.
is currently being ...現在〜中ですcurrently が進行受動を強調。お問い合わせ対応の定型(is currently being processed)。Currently underlines the in-progress passive: is currently being processed.
under construction工事中is being built の看板版。under + 名詞で進行受動を圧縮する仲間(under review・under repair)。Is being built, as signage — with under review and under repair in the same family.
can't be undone取り消せません助動詞+受動。削除確認ダイアログの世界共通文。Modal + passive — the universal delete-confirmation warning.
まとめ / Summary
組み立て: 時制の装備が先、be +過去分詞が後。Assembly: tense gear first, then be + past participle.
進行+受動= is being done(今まさに)。Progressive passive: is being done — right now.
完了+受動= has been done(済んで今に効く)。Perfect passive: has been done — finished and relevant.
must have been done は会話でも普通。been being 型だけは言い換える。Must have been done is everyday speech; only been being gets paraphrased away.