「来ないと思う」は I don't think …English Moves the Not Forward
否定 / Negation
「彼は来ないと思う」は I don't think he'll come. です。日本語は後ろの動詞を否定しますが、英語は否定を前の think のほうへ繰り上げます。I think he won't come. も文法的には成り立ちますが、意味の重さが変わってしまいます。ただし hope や wish は繰り上げません。
"I don't think he'll come" is how English says it. Many languages negate the second verb; English lifts the not forward onto think. "I think he won't come" is grammatical, but it shifts the weight of what you're saying. Hope and wish are the ones that refuse to play along.
In "I don't think he'll come," what's being denied isn't the thinking. You are thinking, quite definitely. What's denied is his coming. The umbrella hangs on the first verb while covering the second clause. This lifting is standard with think, believe, suppose, expect, and imagine. It looks odd until you're used to it, and then it becomes the natural shape.
繰り上げるのが標準Lifting is the default
I don't think this is theなぜ the なのか【前に付く語で一つに決まる】top・right・whole・next・same のように、前に付く語がそれ自体で対象を一つに絞るので the。後ろに限定する句は無い。 right room.
ここ、部屋が違うと思う。
否定しているのは「正しい部屋だ」のほう。What's denied is this being the right room.
I don't believe she said that.
彼女がそんなことを言ったとは思えない。
believe でも同じ繰り上げが起きる。Believe lifts the negative the same way.
I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
明日、雨が降らないといいな。
hope は繰り上げない。否定は後ろの節に残る。Hope doesn't lift. The negative stays in the second clause.
繰り上げる(think / believe / suppose / expect)
否定を前の動詞へ。これが標準の語順。The negative moves onto the first verb. This is the default order.
I don't suppose they'll notice.
気づかれはしないと思う。
繰り上げない(hope / wish)
否定は後ろの節に置いたまま。前へ動かすと不自然になる。The negative stays in the second clause. Moving it up sounds wrong.
This isn't ungrammatical, but it lands differently. "I think he won't come" foregrounds a prediction and carries more conviction. When you simply mean that you doubt he'll be there, English speakers lift the negative forward. The gap is roughly the one between doubting something and predicting against it. With think, believe, suppose, and expect, lift by default and you'll be right.
I don't think so.そうは思わない繰り上げの定型。I think not. は硬く、日常ではまず使わない。The set lifted form. "I think not" is stiff and rare in everyday speech.
I don't suppose you could ...?〜していただけないでしょうか繰り上げを使った丁寧な依頼。断りやすくして当たりを弱める。A polite request built on the lift. It leaves the door open for a no.
not that I know of私の知る限りではない断定を避けて否定する定型。知識の範囲を限定している。Denies while limiting the claim to what you personally know.
I doubt it.どうかな/たぶん違うと思うdoubt 自体に否定が入っているので not は要らない。Doubt carries the negative inside it, so no not is needed.
まとめ / Summary
「〜ないと思う」は I don't think … と前で否定する。To doubt something, negate the first verb: I don't think …
think / believe / suppose / expect で繰り上げが標準。Lifting is standard with think, believe, suppose, and expect.
望みを述べる hope / wish は繰り上げない。否定は後ろの節に残す。Verbs of desire like hope and wish don't lift. Their negative stays in the second clause.
付加疑問は後ろの節に合わせる。The tag question follows the second clause, not the first.