Turned into participles, verbs can dress nouns. The -ing form means "in the middle of doing" (a sleeping baby); the past participle means "done or done-to" (a broken window, fallen leaves). In progress, or as a result — two caption styles for the same photograph.
The -ing participle is a paused video: running water, a crying child. The past participle is a photo taken after the event: boiled eggs, a locked door. With a transitive verb it reads as "done-to" (broken); with an intransitive one, "finished happening" (fallen). Passive or perfect: the original verb's character decides. (Only a handful of intransitives — fallen, risen, retired — allow this pre-noun use.)
一時停止と事後写真Paused frames and aftermath shots
Don't wake theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「（例の）」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 sleeping baby.
眠っている赤ちゃんを起こさないで。
進行中の -ing。Mid-action — the -ing.
We swept up theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「（例の）」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 fallen leaves.
落ち葉を掃き集めた。
落ち終えた結果(自動詞の完了)。Finished falling — the intransitive aftermath.
They repaired theなぜ the なのか【その場で一つに決まる】話し手と聞き手のいる状況で、どれを指すか一つに決まるから the。日本語なら「（例の）」「うちの」を補って読むと感覚が近い。 broken window.
割れた窓を修理した。
割られた結果(他動詞の受け身)。Done-to — the transitive aftermath.
Breaking glass plays a video of glass in mid-shatter — not what's lying on the floor. The aftermath takes broken. Japanese 割れた can read either way, so run the mid-action-or-aftermath check before translating.